Temperature control

  • Avoiding energy-intensive appliances such as electric heaters lowers energy consumption and reduces CO₂ emissions.

  • Carpets can be used to minimise energy consumption for heating: They keep the heat in the room.

  • Draught excluders reduce heat loss and thus lower heating costs.

  • Sealed doors and windows with curtains or draught excluders reduce the consumption of heating energy and keep the room temperature stable.

  • If radiators are free-standing, the heat can circulate in the room. This in turn reduces the amount of heating required.

  • The room temperature for office, test or storage rooms can be checked on a regular basis, for example by sustainability officers, to determine the maximum or minimum level required. The energy consumption can then be adjusted to requirements.

Good to know

Vestibules may pose barriers to accessibility.

Furthermore, heating should ideally be adjustable to accommodate individual needs and health-related requirements.

Biodiversity

  • Landscapes, terraces, façades and green roofs are green corridors. They connect buildings with green spaces and promote local biodiversity.

  • Green roofs promote the well-being of employees and local biodiversity.

  • Green spaces with native plants in outdoor areas strengthen local biodiversity and promote the ecological balance.

Further reading

Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie: Bundesprogramm Biologische Vielfalt (Inkl. Förderdatenbank)

Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit et al.: Bundesdeutsche Gesetzgebung mit Bezug zur Biodiversität

Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Klimaschutz, Naturschutz und nukleare Sicherheit: Übereinkommen über die biologische Vielfalt

Good practice examples

In addition to musical delicacies, Oper Leipzig also offers a culinary speciality: honey from its own bees.

City of Leipzig: Honig von den Leipziger Opern-Bienen

Light source

  • Energy consumption can be significantly reduced by switching lights off in empty rooms. However, the requirements for escape and rescue routes must be complied with.

  • LED lamps reduce power consumption and have a longer service life than conventional light sources.

  • Warm white, dimmed and timed outdoor lighting protects the environment and promotes biodiversity.

  • Energy consumption can be regulated automatically and efficiently using motion detectors and timers.

  • Outdoor lighting that is not required can be switched off.

  • Outdoor advertising that is illuminated but not needed during a certain period can be switched off. This reduces not only electricity consumption, but also light pollution.

  • The use of energy-efficient lighting with warm colour temperatures (2400 to 3000K) helps save energy.

Good to know

When outdoor lighting is switched off, road safety must be guaranteed, even on narrow pavements that can be unsafe in the dark.

A lack of outdoor lighting can have a negative impact on accessibility.
Wheelchair users also need to be detectable by motion detectors installed at a low height. As soon as the light switches on, the path is accessible.

Further reading

BUND Naturschutz in Bayern e.V.: 08/2017 Insektenfreundliche Außenbeleuchtung

BEGA Gantenbrink-Leuchten: Verantwortungsvolle Außenbeleuchtung, umweltverträgliches Licht

Bund für Umwelt und Naturschutz Deutschland (BUND), Landesverband Hessen e.V.: Insektenschutz unter der Laterne

Good practice examples

“Move Your Energy – the green dance floor” is an interactive floor system that converts dance movement into electricity and thus raises awareness on sustainable energy in a playful manner.

Agentur RainbowEvent: Move for Energy – der “grüne” Dancefloor

Goods transportation

  • Express shipping is often not necessary when ordering goods. Switching to regular shipping means lower CO₂ emissions.

  • Express delivery is often associated with high CO₂ emissions.

  • Purchasing or borrowing from local suppliers instead of ordering from distant sources avoids transport costs and conserves resources.

  • Many returns can be avoided with careful planning. This also reduces emissions, simply because there is no need for transportation.

  • The use of (e-)cargo bikes or transport bikes enables more environmentally friendly and efficient transport.

  • Shipping by bicycle courier significantly reduces the CO₂ emissions caused by transport.

  • Limiting transport by car to what is necessary is helpful in the endeavour to reduce emissions and conserve resources.

  • Choosing haulage services with low-emission fleets improves the carbon footprint of transport.

  • Using ground-based transport for shipments within Europe compared to air freight minimises the environmental impact of transport.

  • Organising intercontinental tours as sea freight instead of air freight significantly reduces CO₂ emissions.

  • Scenographers and technicians might consider replicating stage sets on site. The emissions associated with transporting stage sets can be eliminated by using replicas.

  • Logistics companies with fuel-efficient vehicles enable sustainable and efficient transport.

Good to know

In terms of sustainability, it makes sense to reduce the transport of materials as much as possible – without disproportionately restricting artistic freedom. All those involved in production are asked to carefully weigh up the feasibility from different perspectives.

Further reading

UTOPIA – Der Ort für Nachhaltigkeit: Klimaneutraler Versand: Wer bietet ihn an? Was bringt er? (Kostenpflichtig oder mit Werbung)

DHL Freight Germany: GoGreen@ DHL Freight: Erkunden Sie die grüne Zukunft der Logistik

Fahrwerk Kurier*innenkollektiv: Stadtfahrten

fLotte Berlin e.V.: fLotte Standorte in Berlin & Umland

Bundesamt für Wirtschaft und Ausfuhrkontrolle: Förderung zur Anschaffung von E-Lastenfahrrädern

Mobilitätsheld – Greenbike Shop: Lastenrad-Förderung 2025: Übersicht der Kaufprämien

ADFC-Hildesheim e.V. – Hilde Lastenrad: Hilde – Das freie Lastenradsystem für Hildesheim

Good practice examples

Binge Culture (NZ) and machina eX (GER) are developing a sustainable model for international collaboration without air travel. “Disaster” (2024 in Wellington) and “You and A.I.” (2025 in Düsseldorf) are created through mutual reinterpretations of existing plays. Two hybrid events make the model usable for other artists.

Goethe-Institut: Your Play is My Play and My Play is Your Play

Accommodation

  • With the consent of its guests, an event organiser may arrange for hosting by private individuals. This not only reduces travel costs and CO₂ emissions; it also requires fewer resources and less cleaning than hotels.

  • Some accommodation may be reached on foot, by bike or by public transport. Where no cars are used, no CO₂ is emitted.

  • Those who book EMAS-certified accommodation comply with high environmental standards and support sustainable travel.

Good to know

Some guests require barrier-free access to the hotel.

Guest mobility

  • For journeys lasting up to ten hours, taking the train significantly reduces CO₂ emissions.

  • Especially within Germany and for journeys shorter than 600 km, avoiding flights makes a significant contribution to climate-friendly travel.

  • If air travel is unavoidable, direct flights can reduce emissions and optimise travel times.

  • Travelling can be avoided and emissions reduced by means of digital meetings and discussions.

  • The organiser can make it easier for guests to get around in an environmentally friendly way with rental bikes or cooperation with local bike hire companies.

  • If travel by taxi is the only option, for example due to accessibility issues, using an e-taxi is more environmentally friendly.

  • Anyone who wishes to avoid travelling for one-off performances can combine the event with workshops or other residencies.

  • Limiting car travel to what is strictly necessary reduces emissions and conserves resources.

  • Information on the best cycle route makes it easier for guests to cycle to the venue in a safe and environmentally friendly manner.

  • Detailed route descriptions and information on long-distance transport connections make getting there stress-free and sustainable.

  • Organisers can select hotels based on whether they rent out bicycles. This also facilitates sustainable mobility.

  • Information on apps from local transport associations helps guests to plan their journeys in an efficient and climate-friendly manner.

  • Planning tools for guest trips and tours make it easier to arrange sustainable and resource-saving routes.

  • Shorter journeys are created when several venues offer events concurrently when planning tours and guest performances. To achieve this, the venues need to be located in close proximity.

  • Travelling can be avoided by pooling multiple meetings in one visit. Digital meetings are an alternative to on-site meetings.

  • The incorporation of sustainability clauses or addendums into contracts
    with guests ensures commitment to environmental standards.

Good to know

Artists with disabilities or chronic illnesses require accessible paths for their journey. In this case, a direct travel connection may be preferable to a more sustainable one.

Optimal protection against attacks motivated by group-based hostility is needed when travelling. For example, travelling without changing trains offers protection. But the choice of venue is also helpful: in some places there is a lower risk of discrimination and harassment.

If guest performances are combined, there is a risk that artists will have fewer performances. It is recommended that careful consideration be given to “green touring” and diversity and international exchange in the artistic programme here.

In the interests of accessibility and inclusion, carbon accounting should not include CO₂ emissions from those accompanying people with disabilities.

Further reading

Interrail – Eurail: Angebote für günstige Zugreisen durch Europa (Reservierungspflicht, Kontingente und länderspezifische Regelungen sind zu beachten.)

Green Touring Network: Green Touring Guide – Ein Leitfaden für Musiker, Künstler‐ und Tourmanager, Veranstalter, Venues und Bookingagenturen

Gallery Climate Coalition: Quick Carbon Estimate Calculator

atmosfair: Möglichkeiten zum klimafreundlichen Reisen

Touring Artists: Mobilität und Nachhaltigkeit (Handbücher, Leitfäden und Guides, Webinar, Förderung u.m.)

Audience mobility

  • A mention of bicycle stands, for example on tickets, makes it easier for visitors to opt for an environmentally friendly journey.

  • Communicating the best cycle routes makes travelling by bike safer and more convenient.

  • Directions and information on long-distance transport connections help visitors plan their journey. This makes travelling to the event environmentally friendly and stress-free.

  • Encouraging climate-friendly options increases the likelihood that visitors will use sustainable modes of transport. It can be easily included in event advertising.

  • Asking visitors which mode of transport they are using raises their awareness of sustainable mobility.

  • Incentives such as reduced entry fees or drinks vouchers as a “reward” for travelling by public transport make climate-friendly travel more attractive.

  • Event tickets may also be used as public transport tickets in cooperation with transport service providers.

  • Ideally, the venue or festival will support visitors in organising carpools or a shared journey. Carpooling reduces CO₂ emissions, as well as promoting interaction between visitors.

  • A limited number of parking spaces makes the use of sustainable transport more attractive.

  • Visitors can be informed via the apps of the local transport associations so that they can conveniently plan their journey by public transport.

  • Offering shuttle services and carpooling makes it easier to opt for a more sustainable and flexible journey.

  • Adapting event times to the timetables of local transport networks is particularly worthwhile in rural regions as it makes it easier for visitors to get to and from the event by public transport.

Good to know

Audience mobility largely depends on the event location: while public transport is a good alternative to the car in cities, often in rural areas, it is not.

The journey for visitors with disabilities must be accessible, for example by means of tactile guidance systems. When carrying out carbon accounting, it is recommended that the CO₂ emissions of those accompanying people with disabilities are not taken into account.

Employee mobility

  • Flexible home office arrangements reduce commute times, saving time and reducing emissions.

  • Scheduling meetings outside rush hour ensures a stress-free journey and reduces traffic at peak times.

  • Employees with a company subscription for public transport benefit from sustainable mobility: it is more cost-effective.

  • When venues and festivals encourage their teams to use public transport or bicycles, this significantly reduces CO₂ emissions from commuting.

  • Information on providers of bikes for hire and initiatives to promote bicycle mobility make it easier to decide in favour of an environmentally friendly mobility option.

  • Employees can quickly repair minor bicycle breakdowns themselves if they have a kit with repair items for bicycles “on board” or if these are offered at the workplace. This keeps them mobile in the long term.

  • An e-bike charging station, covered bicycle parking spaces or bicycle stands make the switch to bicycles even more attractive and convenient.

  • Company bicycles for meetings outside the office are a practical and environmentally friendly alternative to the car.

  • Showers and changing rooms at the workplace establish the conditions for a fresh start to the working day after commuting by bike.

  • Sustainability workshops can be held to raise awareness of low-carbon mobility among employees. Sustainable alternatives can be demonstrated here.

  • Offering appropriately priced car parking spaces can encourage the switch to sustainable modes of transport.

Good to know

Accessible travel must be afforded to employees with disabilities.

Further reading

Coordinate Artistic Programming in the new Climate Regime: Lower the carbon footprint of artistic and audience mobilities

Kreativstrecke: Mit dem Rad zur Arbeit” | MdRzA

Eleasa, eine Marke der MODULAT LEASING AG: Ganzheitliches Mobilitäts-Leasing von Eleasa

JobRad: Fahrrad-Leasing: Aussuchen, ausrechnen, aufsteigen

Deutsche Bahn: DB Firmenrad

Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe: Deutschlandticket Job

Comuto SA, BlaBlaCar: Die Fahrten deiner Wahl für wenig Geld

Utopiastadt gGmbH: Utopiastadtrad – Kostenloser Fahrradverleih

Electrical devices

  • Buying used or refurbished electrical appliances conserves resources and avoids electronic waste.

  • The right choice of hob in relation to pot size significantly reduces energy consumption when cooking.

  • Switching from old cast iron hobs – including mobile hobs – to modern induction or glass ceramic hobs conserves energy and conserves resources.

  • Energy can be saved by making optimum use of the refrigerator volume and operating it at the lowest necessary cooling level.

  • Switching off unused electrical appliances during theatre holidays, annual leave, for example, as well as at the end of the working day, avoids unnecessary power consumption and reduces energy costs.

  • Energy consumption can be optimised by checking the number and utilisation of refrigerators on a regular basis. If some fridges are used efficiently or shared, other fridges can be dispensed with.

Good to know

Old appliances take longer to heat up and waste electricity due to inaccurate heat transfer and inefficient technology. Newly purchased appliances with high energy efficiency reduce electricity costs and protect the environment.

Further reading

Umweltbundesamt: Energieverbrauchskennzeichnung

Wikipedia: Intelligentes Messystem (Zur Überprüfung des Stromverbrauchs.)

Drax Digital LLC: Multimeter Anleitung – Messen mit dem Multimeter

Waste

  • Waste can be avoided and resources conserved by means of a labelled reusable system.

  • Sustainable alternatives to aluminium and plastic exist. They reduce packaging waste and environmental impact.

  • Avoiding capsule and pod coffee machines means no waste is produced and a more environmentally friendly coffee culture is promoted.

  • Compostable packaging leads to significantly less plastic waste overall.

  • If materials are reused as often as possible and then recycled, this reduces the consumption of raw materials and protects the environment.

Good to know

When buying compostable packaging, pay attention to the certification: DIN EN 13432 is the European standard for the industrial compostability of packaging.

Further reading

reCup: Essen und Getränke zum Mitnehmen – ohne Einwegmüll

reCIRCLE: SO EINFACH GEHT reCIRCLEN

Gemeinsame Stelle dualer Systeme Deutschlands: Mülltrennung wirkt. Wir zeigen, wie und warum.

NABU (Naturschutzbund Deutschland) e. V.: Abfall und Recycling – Müll als Rohstoff wiederverwenden

Wikipedia: Zero Waste

Bund für Umwelt und Naturschutz Deutschland Landesverband Berlin e.V. (BUND Berlin): Remap – Dein Weg zu Zero Waste